Homicide in the Black community can cause survivors to become overprotective of their offspring who are in the same age group as slain members, increasing episodes of fear reactions and vulnerability, and neighborhoods can be deemed unsafe (Becker, 2016; Mosley et al., 2017; Smith et al., 2020). The trickle effect is the destruction of existing businesses, the lack of new substantial enterprises in predominantly Black neighborhoods, and a tearing away of the fabric of Black neighborhoods (Bloch, 2020; Raleigh & Galster, 2015).  Furthermore, impoverished neighborhoods are inviting for businesses that specialize in the sale of liquor, drug paraphernalia, and high interest payday loans--all businesses that can aid in the perpetual cycle of destruction, and further aid in defining components of the ecosystems where survivors and homicide victims lived (Blackmond Larnell, Campbell, & Papp, 2020; Raleigh & Galster, 2015).

 The stigma of homicide itself compounds the myriad adverse reactions for community survivors. Survivors are faced with unsolved homicides, anger, frustration, embarrassment, pain, and loss of trust in government agencies as a result of violence against others who resemble them (Baddeley, Williams, Rynearson, Correa, Saindon, & Rheingold 2015; Khubchandani & Price, 2018; Mosley, Owen, Rostosky, & Reese, 2017; Smith, Sharpe, Richardson, Pahwa, Smith, & DeVylder, 2020).